Scientists from the Laboratory of Solar Astronomy at the Institute of Space Research (RAS) and the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics are warning of heightened geomagnetic activity triggered by a large coronal hole in the Sun’s southern hemisphere. This phenomenon, impacting Earth since May 17, 2025, continues to influence space weather and the planet’s magnetic field.

A coronal hole is a region in the Sun’s corona with lower plasma density and temperature, where the magnetic field is open, allowing solar plasma to escape into space as solar wind. As of May 18, Earth is fully immersed in a stream of this plasma with extreme characteristics, creating conditions for magnetic storms.

Characteristics of the Solar Wind

According to researchers, the solar wind speed near Earth has reached 700–800 km/s, nearly double the usual values. The surrounding gas temperature has soared to half a million degrees Celsius or higher, five times above normal. These conditions significantly increase the likelihood of geomagnetic disturbances.

Geomagnetic indices, which reflect the state of Earth’s magnetic field, have been fluctuating between yellow and green zones since the morning of May 18, indicating an unstable situation. Scientists estimate a 30–40% chance of magnetic storms in the coming days.

Impact of Magnetic Storms on Health

Magnetic storms can noticeably affect weather-sensitive individuals. Dr. Lyudmila Lapa, a therapist, explains that people with vascular conditions, or those who have suffered strokes or heart attacks, are particularly vulnerable. Possible symptoms include:

  • Headaches;
  • Weakness and increased fatigue;
  • Elevated blood pressure;
  • Vascular spasms.

To minimize adverse effects during storms, it’s recommended to:

  • Take prescribed medications;
  • Eat light, healthy foods;
  • Avoid stress and physical overexertion.

How Coronal Holes Affect Earth

Unlike solar flares, coronal holes do not trigger extreme magnetic storms like the G5-level event in May 2024, but they can cause moderate storms (G1–G3 levels). Rapid fluctuations in solar wind speed, driven by the hole’s complex structure, destabilize Earth’s magnetic field, leading to geomagnetic disturbances.

Scientists emphasize that the current solar cycle, which peaked in 2024, remains active. Although the maximum activity has passed, magnetic storms will occur regularly in 2025, particularly when Earth is influenced by coronal holes.

Forecast and Recommendations

The Laboratory of Solar Astronomy predicts that Earth will remain under the coronal hole’s influence at least until the end of the current week. Exact dates and storm intensity are difficult to predict, but scientists advise monitoring updates on the Kp geomagnetic index and aurora forecasts, as polar auroras may become visible even at mid-latitudes.

Weather-sensitive individuals should prepare for potential storms by following medical advice. Additionally, geomagnetic disturbances may temporarily affect satellite navigation and radio communications, which operators of technical systems should consider.