Scientists discover tiny whirlpools on the Sun that could affect Earth

Astrophysicists have identified microscopic whirlpool-like structures on the Sun that may play a significant role in heating the star's outer atmosphere and building up energy for powerful flares, CNN reports, citing a new study.

What researchers found

Tiny vortex structures exist on the Sun's surface. According to the scientists, these may help explain one of the longest‑standing paradoxes: why the corona – the Sun's outer atmosphere – is significantly hotter than its visible surface.

Moreover, these micro‑vortices may contribute to the accumulation of magnetic energy. When this energy is released, solar flares and coronal mass ejections occur.

"The vortices… may contribute to the build‑up of the Sun's magnetic energy. When directed toward Earth, this solar activity ejects particles that can disrupt satellites, power grids and other communications infrastructure," the publication notes.

Why this matters

Solar flares and the associated streams of particles directly affect Earth‑based technologies. They can disrupt satellites, navigation systems, radio communications, and even power grids. Understanding the mechanisms that trigger this activity helps improve space weather forecasting and prepare for potential impacts.

The discovery of micro‑vortices adds a new element to our picture of how the Sun "charges" its atmosphere and releases energy into surrounding space.

In brief

Scientists have discovered tiny vortices on the Sun that may explain why the corona is hotter than the star's surface and how energy for flares accumulates. These structures influence the Sun's magnetic activity, and its consequences – particle streams – can disrupt satellites and ground‑based infrastructure on Earth.