Why ChatGPT is not the best psychotherapist: Who can the chatbot share your conversations with?

More and more people are using ChatGPT for personal advice and even as a sort of therapist, but such conversations do not enjoy the same confidentiality protections as those with a real professional. This was stated by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman in a podcast with Theo Von.

Lack of Legal Protection

Altman noted that conversations with ChatGPT—especially on sensitive topics—can be disclosed in legal proceedings. Unlike conversations with a therapist, doctor, or lawyer, which are protected by legal norms of confidentiality (such as doctor–patient or attorney–client privilege), data shared with ChatGPT does not have the same protection.

“If you're discussing your most personal problems with ChatGPT, and then a lawsuit arises, we may be required to hand over that data. That’s really wrong,” said Altman. He emphasized that the issue of privacy in AI conversations needs urgent attention to ensure the same level of protection as communication with a licensed therapist.

Rising Popularity and Risks

According to Altman, especially younger users are increasingly turning to ChatGPT for psychological support, life advice, or relationship guidance. However, unlike encrypted messengers like WhatsApp or Signal, OpenAI has access to users’ conversations with ChatGPT. These data can be used by the company’s employees to improve the AI model or to monitor for policy violations.

According to OpenAI’s data retention policy, deleted chats in ChatGPT Free, Plus, and Pro are permanently erased after 30 days—unless the company is legally required to retain them for legal or security reasons. For example, in June 2025, The New York Times and other publications filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, demanding that all ChatGPT user logs, including deleted ones, be preserved as part of a copyright infringement case. OpenAI is challenging this demand.

Psychological and Social Concerns

Altman also expressed concern about the psychological impact of AI and social media. He noted that some young people show “emotional overdependence” on ChatGPT when making decisions. Having become a father in February 2025, Altman stressed the risks of children becoming dependent on digital platforms.

What Does This Mean for Users?

Until legislation is updated to reflect interactions with AI, ChatGPT users should be aware that their personal conversations may not be fully confidential. If you're using ChatGPT to discuss private or sensitive matters, it's important to understand that this data could potentially be disclosed in legal proceedings or used to improve the model. Altman calls for a swift resolution to this issue to ensure AI users get the same protections as those who speak with professionals.